一 | 近日，生态环境部会同工业和信息化部、公安部、自然资源部、水利部、农业农村部、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院等联合印发了《关于进一步加强工业等污水污染风险防范 保障农业灌溉用水安全的通知》（以下简称《通知》）。生态环境部水生态环境司有关负责同志就《通知》相关情况回答了记者的提问。 "A large part of former President Trump's popularity with his supporters is that he fights back against the establishment, whether it be the 'swamp' in Washington, DC, or the political party elites," says Timothy Hagle, a political science professor at the University of Iowa. "He has certainly been speaking out about the raid, but we will have to wait to see if anything comes of it. By that I mean whether there are any charges actually filed. Unlike most Americans, and aside from his media platforms, Trump has the resources to fight what he thinks are unfair actions by the government.",The FBI's unannounced search of Donald Trump's premises in Mar-a-Lago, Florida has reinvigorated his base, a Politico/Morning Consult survey shows. 58 percent of Republican voters said they would vote for the former president if the 2024 Republican presidential primary were today. The share of support is visibly up from 54% in July and 53% in June, according to the pollsters. Likewise, a whopping 71% of GOP voters insist that Trump should run for president in 2024. Moreover, 72% of Republicans said they disagreed with the Mar-a-Lago raid.,Sputnik ExplainsFirst Assange, Now Trump: How Espionage Act of 1917 Became a Political Tool15:16 GMT,The Daily Mail argues, however, that the poll was conducted prior to the release of the FBI's search warrant and receipt, which showed that the bureau took at least 11 sets of classified documents from Trump's Florida house, with the Justice Department having probable cause to carry out the search based on possible Espionage Act abuses.,However, on August 13, Fox News broke that the FBI had allegedly laid their hands on documents shielded by client-attorney and executive privilege, with Donald Trump taking to his social media platform Truth Social and demanding that the documents in question be returned. The president lambasted the bureau for the raid, insisting that it was unnecessary and unjustified given that all documents in his possession were declassified and he and his team were ready to provide access to them any time.,"For the FBI to raid the home of the 45 President of the United States, or any President for that matter, is totally unheard of and unthinkable," Trump wrote on Sunday. "This Break In was a sneak attack on democracy (our Republic!), and was both unannounced and done at a time when the President was not even present.",Trump supporters reacted passionately to the ex-president's posts by rallying outside Mar-a-Lago and Trump's Bedminster, New Jersey golf club. They were seen holding signs reading "Save America" and "You raided the wrong president.",Sputnik ExplainsHow Trump's 2024 Bid & Jan 6 Committee's Effort to Delegitimize Him May Pan Out19 July, 18:41 GMT,Midterm Elections at Stake,The unfolding situation will definitely backfire on the upcoming November midterm elections, according to Hagle.,"The overall effect on the midterm elections will vary depending on how the situation plays out," the political science professor says. "Trump supporters, and Republicans more generally, were already quite motivated to vote in the midterms, but this just intensifies that desire. Democrats were less motivated and the party was desperately searching for something to get their base motivated. Some thought the Supreme Court's abortion decision might do so, but that doesn't seem to have happened beyond a certain group of core voters.",Hagle notes that Democrats were successful with an "anti-Trump" approach in 2020; he believes that they would like to try that again.,"The thinking might be that if Trump is, figuratively, on the ballot it would help them in the midterms," the academic remarks. "I'm not so sure. There may be some who get more motivated with an anti-Trump fervor, but the economy will still be the key for the important voters who are less concerned about politics and more about day to day living.",The FBI raid came after mainstream media reports that Trump may announce his presidential bid in September 2022 or even earlier. Politico and The Washington Post reported in mid-July that the former president had met with top Republican donors, discussing the midterms and a potential 2024 campaign.,The DoJ investigation into Trump triggered speculation that he may announce his new presidential bid very soon, the Daily Mail reports, also referring to a new "campaign-style video" released by the ex-president on his Truth Social platform.,Meanwhile, Republican Senator Rand Paul has called on US lawmakers to repeal the 1917 Espionage Act, after it turned out that the DoJ suspects Trump of violating Section 793 of the law. Section 793 specifically addresses "gathering, transmitting or losing defense information," and also includes refusal to return information that is demanded by the government.,"I don't think it's realistic to suggest that it be repealed," says Hagle. "It's more likely that certain limitations could be placed on it to help prevent the abuses that people perceive are occurring with it.",In addition to that, there are assumptions that the FBI raid was nothing short of a fishing expedition connected to the probe by the House Select Committee on January 6 Attack aimed at delegitimizing him before the 2024 race.,"The Justice Department should 'show that this was not just a fishing expedition, that they had due cause to go in and to do this, that they did exhaust all other means," Republican Senator Mike Rounds told NBC's Meet the Press, suggesting that the release of the FBI's affidavit would help. "And if they can't do that, then we've got a serious problem on our hands."。 问：《通知》出台的背景是什么？ 答：近年来，一些工业企业及园区、畜禽养殖场等与农田相邻，污水排放管控不到位，农业灌溉用水安全隐患不容忽视。2025年以来，安徽蚌埠、贵州乌江支流等地相继发生相关企业污水影响农业灌溉问题，群众反映强烈，成为群众身边水体保护治理亟待破解的民生痛点。为深入贯彻落实国务院办公厅转发的生态环境部等部门《群众身边水体保护治理行动方案》相关要求，加强农田等区域周边工业企业和园区废水排放监管，更好保障农业灌溉用水安全，加快解决群众身边的急难愁盼，生态环境部会同相关部门制定了《通知》。 问：《通知》编制的总体思路是什么？ 答：《通知》以保障农业灌溉用水安全为核心，以源头预防、过程把控、末端监管为主线，推动构建跨部门、全周期的风险防控体系。 源头预防方面，依托国土空间规划管控、生态环境分区管控、建设项目环境影响评价等手段，优化相关建设项目布局，从准入环节减少污染向农田传导隐患。过程把控方面，紧盯污水排放关键环节，推动治污设施建设改造、开展问题排查整治、完善污水排放管控要求，压实园区、企业治污主体责任。末端监管方面，通过加强企业排水和灌溉用水水质监测，强化部门间协作和信息共享，加强灌溉水质监管，确保问题早发现、早预警、早处置。
二 | 通过提升监管效能、深化行刑衔接，依法打击污染环境犯罪。
三 | 问：《通知》的主要内容有哪些？ 答：《通知》从空间布局、排污管控、水质保障、监管执法等四个方面明确相关举措。 一是优化空间布局，从源头阻断污染隐患。综合应用国土空间规划管控、生态环境分区管控、建设项目环境影响评价等手段，完善农田周边、喀斯特地貌等风险较高地区，以及排放全盐量、重金属、有毒有害污染物等特征污染物的建设项目准入要求，严防化工园区转移带来的环境风险。 二是加强污染源头治理，规范污水排放管控。推进农田周边工业园区污水集中处理设施升级改造，巩固沿江化工企业搬迁整治成效。开展农田周边涉水问题排查，有序推进整治。
四 | 开展地方水污染物排放标准制修订，完善特征污染物排放管控要求，并依法载入排污许可证。
五 | 三是加强监测及信息共享，强化农业灌溉用水保障。压实企业自行监测主体责任，强化农田周边排污口常态化监督监测。
六 | 2026年年底前出台农田灌溉用水水质监测技术指南，指导地方因地制宜制定农业灌溉用水监测计划，加强灌溉期水质监测。加强农业灌溉用水水质监测协作，明确灌溉用水期信息通报、数据共享、应急处置等要求。
七 | 四是深化监管执法协同，做好宣传引导培训。加大现场执法力度，重点整治利用溶洞、渗坑、裂隙等非法排放工业废水、畜禽粪污等行为。
八 | 加快构建“空天地”一体化监测网络，加强工业园区、集聚区以及畜禽养殖企业排污口、雨水口监管。加强执法司法联动和信息共享，完善行政执法与刑事司法衔接，坚决打击污染环境犯罪。
九 | 加强政策解读和宣传培训，提升企业守法自觉和基层履职能力。 问：相较于以往监管要求，《通知》在工业等污水管控方面提出了哪些新举措？ 答：《通知》对标农业灌溉用水水质要求，既考虑污水本身排放特征影响，又考虑外部环境变化带来的环境风险，提出了针对性工作举措。 一是强化环境风险评估。
十 | 针对工业企业及园区周边存在农田灌溉渠道的，《通知》要求在建设项目环境影响评价中衔接农田灌溉水质标准，充分考虑特征污染物对农业灌溉用水影响，重点关注因水文、气象条件发生变化导致工业企业及园区排水对农业灌溉产生的不良环境影响。
十一 | 二是完善特征污染物排放管控要求。对于工业企业排放全盐量、重金属、有毒有害污染物等特征污染物可能影响下游农业灌溉用水安全的，《通知》要求开展地方水污染物排放标准制修订，加强排放管控。近期，我部配套出台了《工业园区污水集中处理设施水污染物排放标准制订技术导则》，指导地方因地制宜制定园区水污染物排放标准。 三是进一步加强入河排污口监督管理。《通知》要求，以入河排污口为抓手，全面排查农田周边工业企业及园区、畜禽养殖企业等污水排放和支流沟渠等水质情况，建立问题清单，制定整治方案并依法依规推进有序整改。
十二 | 推动利用视频监控等方式，加强工业园区、集聚区以及畜禽养殖企业排污口、雨水口监管。 四是抓住农业灌溉关键期。《通知》要求因地制宜制定农业灌溉用水水质监测计划，对工业园区周边灌溉用水，灌溉期原则上至少开展2次监测，包括临播种前、作物生长关键期（如幼苗期、水稻分蘖期等）。备用或长期未使用的灌溉渠道，投入使用前开展水质监测。 五是加强执法司法联动。《通知》明确，对于违法排放污水危害农业灌溉用水安全并造成重大影响的，做实做细行政执法与刑事司法衔接，强化生态环境损害赔偿与检察公益诉讼协同，坚决打击污染环境犯罪。 问：如何保障《通知》要求落地实施？ 答：一是实行清单化闭环管理。组织各地全面排查农田周边工业企业及园区、畜禽养殖企业风险隐患，建立问题清单，实施拉条挂账、销号管理，有序推进整治工作。
十三 | 二是加强配套技术体系保障。加快编制农田灌溉用水水质监测技术指南，统一规范监测标准；督促企业严格执行自行监测要求；组织开展基层业务宣传培训，提升一线风险防控处置能力。 三是及时开展跟踪评估。
十四 | 组织梳理各地工作推进中的亮点和堵点难点，总结提炼可复制可推广的好经验好做法，加强工作滞后地区指导帮扶，对各地反馈的共性问题，会同相关部门针对性完善政策措施。
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